Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 20, №5, 2025

Актуальність. Післяпологова депресія (ППД) є психосоціальним фактором, що негативно впливає на розвиток немовлят. Мета: оцінити особливості фізичного розвитку дітей віком до 6 місяців залежно від наявності ППД у матері або ризику її розвитку. Матеріали та методи. Проведено крос-секційне дослідження за участю 886 дітей віком 0–6 місяців. Психоемоційний стан матерів визначався за Единбурзькою шкалою ППД. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз маси тіла (МТ), довжини тіла (ДТ), індексу маси тіла (ІМТ) і окружності голови між трьома групами дітей (матері з ППД — група 1, з ризиком ППД — група 2, без ознак ППД — група 3). Результати. У хлопчиків групи 1, починаючи з першого місяця життя і далі включно з п’ятим місяцем життя, МТ була нижчою (р < 0,01) порівняно з хлопчиками групи 3. У дівчаток перші вірогідні відмінності МТ між групами фіксувалися на другому місяці життя. ІМТ у хлопчиків групи 1 у перший місяць становив 13,5 [12,8; 14,2] кг/м2, групи 3 — 14,4 [13,5; 15,0] кг/м2 (p < 0,05); у три місяці — 15,6 [14,7; 16,3] кг/м2 у групі 1 і 16,8 [15,9; 17,4] кг/м2 у групі 3 (p < 0,01). У дівчаток ІМТ у перший місяць становив: група 1 — 13,2 [12,6; 13,9] кг/м2, група 3 — 14,0 [13,2; 14,8] кг/м2 (p < 0,05); у третій місяць — 15,4 [14,5; 16,1] кг/м2 і 16,5 [15,6; 17,2] кг/м2 відповідно (p < 0,01). До п’яти місяців ДТ і окружність голови між групами не відрізнялися. Висновки. У дітей матерів із ППД виявлено вірогідне відставання у фізичному розвитку з другого-третього місяця життя переважно за рахунок зниження МТ відносно зросту, що посилювалося до шостого місяця, особливо у хлопчиків. У дітей матерів групи ризику ППД спостерігалися подібні тенденції. Це підкреслює важливість ранньої психологічної підтримки матерів та необхідність подальших досліджень.

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a psychosocial factor that adversely affects infant development. The purpose was to assess the features of physical development in children aged up to 6 months depending on the presence or risk of PPD in the mother. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 886 infants aged 0–6 months. The psychoemotional status of mothers was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A comparative analysis was conducted of body weight (BW), body length, body mass index (BMI), and head circumference among three groups of infants (group 1 — mothers with PPD; group 2 — at risk of PPD; group 3 — without PPD symptoms). Results. In boys from group 1, starting from the first month of life through the fifth month, BW was significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared to boys from group 3. Among girls, the first statistically significant BW differences between groups appeared on the second month of life. BMI in boys from group 1 during the first month was 13.5 [12.8; 14.2] kg/m2 compared to 14.4 [13.5; 15.0] kg/m2 in group 3 (p < 0.05); at 3 months — 15.6 [14.7; 16.3] kg/m2 in group 1 vs. 16.8 [15.9; 17.4] kg/m2 in group 3 (p < 0.01). In girls, BMI at 1 month was 13.2 [12.6; 13.9] kg/m2 in group 1 and 14.0 [13.2; 14.8] kg/m2 in group 3 (p < 0.05); at 3 months — 15.4 [14.5; 16.1] kg/m2 and 16.5 [15.6; 17.2] kg/m2, respectively (p < 0.01). By 5 months, no significant differences between groups were found in body length or head circumference. Conclusions. Infants of mothers with PPD showed significant delays in physical development from 2–3 months of age, primarily due to reduced BW relative to height, which worsened by 6 months, especially among boys. Similar trends were observed in children of mothers at risk for PPD. These findings underscore the importance of early psychological support for mothers and the need for further research.

фізичний розвиток; діти раннього віку; післяпологова депресія; антропометричні показники; маса тіла; індекс маси тіла

physical development; infants; postpartum depression; anthropometric indicators; body weight; body mass index

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